Message vs. Style in Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe Essay Example for Free

Message vs. Style in Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe Essay The message is more important than the style. I totally disagree with this statement in the context of Things Fall Apart as I believe that in this particular work, the message is of equivalent importance to the style; to have a particular writing style whose sole purpose is found in informing readers as to the purpose to the message, and then to NOT have a message, would be useless, whereas having a message to tell readers, WITHOUT such a writing style as is necessary to allow them to absorb the purpose, would again be useless- therefore the message and writing styles are equally important in this story, as one cannot do without the other. In this case, the central message of Things Fall Apart, that African culture is complex, can only be absorbed by readers if Achebes writing style, which incorporates the use of dialogue, conflict, proverbs, diction and setting, allows them to develop such recognition of cultural complexity- the author cannot merely instruct the reader to believe that the culture is indeed complex, and still expect the reader to believe as such without question. Firstly, Achebe makes ample use of dialogue as a component of his writing style to carry forth the message of a culturally complex society. For example, Okonkwos conversation with Obierika as to the Oracles desires in Chapter Eight introduces significant cultural elements to the readers. Okonkwo argues that his participation in the murder of Ikemefuna was justified, but Obierika contends otherwise, declaring that Okonkwos actions are of the kind for which the earth goddess, Ani, wipes out whole families. In the conflict between their different views we see the strong influence exerted by their religion on each person, and also acquire recognition of significant religious elements, namely the Oracle and the earth goddess. That Okonkwo and Obierika should have differing opinions about the Oracles religious intentions indicates the presence of complex perceptions of the same religion. This complexity in religious perceptions then implicitly suggests to readers an inherent complexity in the religion itself, for without such complexity differing religious perceptions would not occur. Religion is a core component of culture, as clearly the culture of a society must not contradict the religious views held by that same society, and having a complex religion as a component of culture in turn suggests that the culture of the society must be complex as well. Dialogue thus serves to carry forth Achebes message that African culture is complex. At the same time, in the suggestions of complex culture found in dialogue, we see how Achebes style of writing encourages readers to gradually reach a perception of his central message on their own, which is important in that the readers must themselves perceive such cultural complexity through development of their own thoughts on the issue- exactly as Achebe intended. To have a dialogue without any inherent message would also make such dialogue purposeless, as Achebe could not possibly describe an overarching purpose to that conversation. This shows how dialogue as a component of the writing style gives such a writing style an importance equal to that of the message; without dialogue being employed as such, readers cannot acquire knowledge of the message, whereas if there was no message, then dialogue would have no purpose. Dialogue as a component of the writing style thus creates a situation where the style is of equal importance to the message. Secondly, traditional African proverbs, a significant element of Achebes writing style, are used to highlight cultural complexity. An example would be Okonkwos declaring that a childs fingers are not scalded by a piece of hot yam which its mother puts into its palm in defence of his participating in the murder of Ikemefuna. He argues that he did as such due to the Oracle declaring that Ikemefuna would have to be killed. That proverbs can be casually used in dialogue to illustrate various points, such as the above proverb serving as a defence for ones actions, is an indication of a highly-developed language. A societys culture is based upon its language, for language serves as the primary medium of communication between humans in a society, and as such readers recognize that language is an important component of culture, therefore having a highly-developed language would thus suggest that society is culturally complex. Proverbs being thus used in Achebes writing style have therefore led to the subtle formation of such a suggestion to readers, which in turn allows readers to follow through on that suggestion, and thereby reach the conclusion that African culture is complex is nature- this being the exact message which Achebe is trying to bring across to readers. Proverbs being a component of Achebes writing style, we can see how they contribute to the carrying the message of cultural complexity across. However, such a writing style also finds its primary purpose in carrying a message; therefore without such a message of cultural complexity, the proverbs would lose their meaning. In this sense, we can safely state that the writing style, through its encompassing the use of proverbs, is of equal importance to the message. Thirdly, Achebes choice of diction also plays a very large role in his writing style. Throughout the story, the narrator refers to the housing for Okonkwos wives as Obi, court messengers as Kotma, and characters use traditional welcomes such as Nno. That such traditional African words should appear throughout the story, interspersed with all the English words, gives readers the impression that such words cannot be simply translated into English. This then suggests to us that language in the society must be very highly developed, for such words do not have a counterpart in the English language, despite the vast vocabulary of the latter. Indeed, I had to refer to the glossary in the book for the English translations of such words. When readers make such inferences, they cannot help but come to the conclusion that the Africans cannot be culturally primitive- to have such a highly-developed language must in turn suggest a highly developed culture, which is exactly the message Achebe is trying to bring across. Thus Achebes choice of diction greatly aids his writing style in carrying the message across to readers, who realize from such implicit suggestions the central message of this work. Indeed, if Achebe did not wish to have a message of cultural complexity, it is plausible that such traditional African words would not appear. Thus we can see how the success in carrying the message across is highly dependent on the writing style, and the shaping of the writing style itself is highly dependent on the type of message being carried across; the message and the style are equally important. Lastly, Achebes description of the various settings in which events take place play a part in shaping his particular writing style. The setting of Ezeudus funeral in Chapter Thirteen is an example of how the setting as a component of Achebes writing style serves to carry forth the message of cultural complexity. Ezeudus funeral was a warriors funeral, and now and then an ancestral spirit, or egwugwu, would appear from the underworld. From the description of this setting, readers are able to more readily appreciate the complexities of traditional African culture; that their culture incorporates a strong, pagan belief in the existence of supernatural beings, the egwugwu, and a similar belief in the existence of an underworld. This places emphasis on a major religious component in their culture. Ezeudus funeral being considered as a warriors funeral also allows us to acquire insights into the importance of a particular social class, the warrior class, in their society. The setting has thus contributed to readers being able to recognize two major components in African culture, the former being religion, the latter being a social component. That these two different components should become so elaborately intertwined in this one ceremony is evidence of a complex culture. The reader, in reviewing the description of the setting, thereby acquires knowledge of the central message of cultural complexity which Achebe is trying to bring across, without Achebe having to explicitly declare as such; this clearly shows how Achebes writing style of placing information from which readers have to make their own inferences has led to our understanding the message of the novel. Without such a description of the setting, readers might not have been able to absorb this message. On the other hand, without a message, the description of the setting would be useless, as the purpose of such a writing style would be to enlighten readers as to a particular message the author wishes to convey. Therefore I believe that writing style and the message are of equal importance. In conclusion, I believe that the writing style and the message are of equal importance, as the former serves as the vehicle for the latter, whereas the latter exists to give the former purpose. Neither can do without the other, and therefore their interdependence lends them equal importance.

How does Priestly keep the attention of the audience in Act 1? :: English Literature

How does Priestly keep the attention of the audience in Act 1? Inspector calls was set in 1912, it was written in 1945, and was performed in 1946. Priestly wanted to show his views, so he created a performance called ‘Inspector Calls’ to show that he cares for others, so Priestly maintains interest by using various different devices, and that’s what my essay will be about, the various devices that Priestly used the keep the attention of the audience. Firstly, the play has got a pace, which is fast, the evidence of this is that the Inspector doesn’t keep talking to the same person for five minutes, he asks one person one question and then he goes onto the next person. The point of this is Priestly doesn’t bore the audience he keeps everyone’s attention by going thought the scenes. In Inspector calls the characters were each revealed step by step, and eventually they all revealed properly at the end of the play. At the end of act 1 the only characters that have been revealed is Mr Birling, because they found out that he had sacked Daisy Retton just for asking if she could have abit more money, Gerald was also revealed but not much, because Shelia knew that Gerald new something when the Inspector said the name Daisy Retton because his face gave the impression. The point of this is that they have only revealed two characters in act 1 so that the audience will want to keep watching, because they would like to know where the other characters come in the mystery. Secondly, the play refers to the political climate of time, the evidence of this is that once he has asked someone a question, they answer it, then the person he had asked a question to before he asks them i.e. ‘did you know anything about that’. The point of this is, if any one out of the audience has misunderstood a little bit of a sentence then he goes back over it but in a different way of saying it later on, so then that person has understood the whole storyline so far. Also the storyline is slowly unravelling of the plot, but by the end of act 1 the audience is completely drawn in. The evidence of this is, the stage directions in the book, the font is different and it says ‘ she looks at him in triumph. He looks crushed. The door slowly opens and the inspector appears, looking steadily and searchingly at them,’ so if you were watching the play, then the Inspector will open

Logical Fallacy

One of the main problems with Michael Moore’s IDIOT NATION (and much of Moore’s work in general) is the fact that Moore begins with a conclusion and works backwards in an attempt to prove his argument. That is, he has already made up his mind on a subject and then â€Å"cherry picks† facts and arguments to prove his point. Unfortunately, his proof collapses upon careful examination of the logic flaws in his arguments. This will be proven by selecting several examples of flawed logic in the work and defining it. Consider the follow excerpt by Moore condemns private education and promotes public education by way of personal attacks: â€Å"Hunt these little pricks down like dogs and then cage them until we can break their will†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (138) Moore is referring to here is the elitist attitude of the clergy and he points it out in a thoroughly pandering manner. He presents a supremely sweeping generality of nuns as totalitarian dictators. This demonizes the nuns is done to disparage the educational system they represent so as to prop up the other institution. This method hopes to gain sympathy for a cause through the cheap use of personal attacks. Similarly, Moore attacks the military and lays the blame on defense spending as the reason why there is much failure in the public schools: â€Å"[political leaders and voters] have decided it is a bigger priority to build another bomber than to educate our children.† (135) In other words, because tax dollars are being funneled needlessly to the military our schools are in bad shape. Hence, cut military spending because there is no need for it and pump more money into schools and the schools will automatically improve. This is a thoroughly false analogy as it infers there are no security threats to the United States and that military build up is arbitrary and aggressive and that schools are under-funded, both of which are complete inaccuracies. First, the public education system in the United States is no where near as bad as alarmists like Moore contend. Public schools has produces many excellent students over the years, but let’s center on the worst case scenarios†¦after all, that is what Moore does. If millions of dollars were pumped into the school system, how would this alter the attitudes of areas of contention such as poor quality teachers who are not doing their jobs or students who cut class? What about the millions of dollars of already spent on public education that has produced little results? Why should it be increased? And why cut military spending? Why not cut agriculture subsidies? Because Moore personally doesn’t like the military and that is the bidget cut he is after. Moore is also opposed to measures of discipline in public schools and uses an argument rooted in pandering to gain support. Consider the following: â€Å"kids learn to submerge personal expression. They learn that it is better to go along so that you get along.† (147) Moore is referring to dress codes that have been instituted in some public schools. Moore’s statement panders to those who would sympathize with an anti-authoritarian statement and may be willing to align with his anarchist sentiment. The reality of this sentiment is that no one is trying to submerge personal expression as much as the schools are attempting to reduce violence. Many dress codes were designed as a way of reducing gang violence. Moore does not address this and opts to pander to those who see such actions by the school as an attack on rugged individualism. Pandering may draw support, but it can not make an untrue argument about conspiracies to subvert individualism. Moore is not an unintelligent man and has been known to make clear and intelligent points. Unfortunately, his desire to be a populist has led to such flawed logical treatises such as IDIOT NATION and this is unfortunate as he could do much better.                                 

Mary Daly Quotes From a Controversial Theologian

Mary Daly, a feminist theologian, was noted for her strong critique of patriarchy and of traditional religion, especially the Roman Catholic church.  She was fired from Boston College (or involuntarily retired) after a lawsuit challenged her exclusion of men from classrooms. Selected Mary Daly Quotations If God is male, then male is God. The divine patriarch castrates women as long as he is allowed to live on in the human imagination.What Im trying to do right now is wake women and others up to the right-wing backlash -- the converging of conservative Catholicism and fundamentalism and all the rest, together with biotechnology, nectech [cloning, genetic manipulation, biological warfare]. All of that is stifling diversity and integrity, and so what Im really working for is critical mass, a critical mass of feminists, ecologists.  .  . rebels.  .  . so there can be a survival of consciousness, a survival of biological and spiritual integrity, intellectual integrity.Courage to be is the key to the revelatory power of the feminist revolution.Courage is like -- its a habitus, a habit, a virtue: you get it by courageous acts. Its like you learn to swim by swimming. You learn courage by couraging.You guard against decay, in general, and stagnation, by moving, by continuing to move.I f theres an insight, Ill take  it.Tokenism does not change stereotypes of social systems but works to preserve them, since it dulls the revolutionary impulse.Women have had the power of naming stolen from us.Gods plan is often a front for mens plans and a cover for inadequacy, ignorance, and evil.It is the creative potential itself in human beings that is the image of God.Why indeed must God be a noun? Why not a verb - the most active and dynamic of all.We will look upon the earth and her sister planets as being with us, not for us. One does not rape a sister.Work is a substitute religious experience for many workaholics.I had explained that a womans asking for equality in the church would be comparable to a black persons demanding equality in the Ku Klux Klan.Patriarchy is the homeland of males; it is Father Land; and men are its agents.Women who are Pirates in a phallocentric society are involved in a complex operation. First, it is necessary to Plunder -- that is, righteously r ip off -- gems of knowledge that the patriarchs have stolen from us. Second, we must Smuggle back to other women our Plundered treasures. In order to invert strategies that will be big and bold enough for the next millennium, it is crucial that women share our experiences: the chances we have taken and the choices that have kept us alive. They are my Pirates battle cry and a wake-up call for women who I want to hear.The fact is that we live in a profoundly anti-female society, a misogynistic civilization in which men collectively victimize women, attacking us as personifications of their own paranoid fears, as The Enemy. Within this society, it is men who rape, who sap womens energy, who deny women economic and political power.Males do indeed deeply identify with unwanted fetal tissue, for they sense as their own condition the role of controller, possessor, inhibitor of women. Draining female energy, they feel fetal. Since this perpetual fetal state is fatal to the Self of the etern al mother (Hostess), males fear womens recognition of this real condition, which would render them infinitely unwanted. For this attraction/need of males for female energy, seen for what it is, is necrophilia -- not in the sense of love for actual corpses, but of love for those victimized into a state of living death.Since women on average survive men by a significant number of years, it should not be surprising that gynecology is functioning to remedy this unacceptable situation.The gynecological profession and the popularizing media have combined their efforts to make the poisoning of women appear acceptable. Just as popping The Pill is both normal and normative for younger women, so is estrogen replacement therapy for their mothers and older sisters. About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote.

Comparing Young Goodman Brown And Child By Tiger - 1597 Words

Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"Child by Tiger† ENGL 102: Literature and Composition FALL C 2017 Jennifer Person L29216090 MLA Thesis: â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"The Child by Tiger† by Thomas Wolfe are two short stories written to portray people struggle with society. Although the two stories were set in two different cultures and time periods they are similar in their religion and faith. In these two stories their belief systems are challenged. They battle with their belief in God while evilness surrounds them. In Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne, he is a Puritan who is tempted by evil. He leaves his wife to participate in a ritual. Later to find out that others†¦show more content†¦This is how pressures pushed a man to mental madness and drive him to commit vicious crimes. Outline: I: Introduction: A. Young Goodman is a Puritan who is driven by temptation. B. Dick Prosser is a narrative who is a black hired hand turned into a murder. C. These two stories were set in two different cultures and time periods, they portray unity in their conflicts. D. In this essay I will be comparing the stories of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"The Child by Tiger†. II: Paragraph 2: A. Challenge in their faith. B. Evil tendencies are driving forces. C. Goodman Brown is a Puritan. III. Paragraph 3: A. Narrative by Spangler, Dick Prosser represent similar conflicts with Goodman Brown as they both deal with evil in that surrounds them. B. They both wonder away from their faith. C. Young Goodman is tempted with evil while Dick Prosser has a conflict with society. D. Dick Prosser appears to be kind and moral, but later reveals his vengeful side as he chaotically kills people. Conclusion: In these stories, its them verse society. They are trying to find their freedom in this evil world. They are persuaded to do evil works. Will they choose the right thing to do or conform to the destruction of the world? Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"Child by Tiger Goodman Brown is a short story told by Nathaniel Hawthorne He is married to Faith which. Brown is living as Puritan. A Puritan is aShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesin the 1850s and 1860s, as well as the roving armies of the 1910s and 1920s, created mass mobility in their own right, not only in terms of the soldiers who were conscripted and then demobilized far from their homes (often draining areas of the young men who might otherwise have been potential migrants) but also in terms of the migration of millions into the depopulated Yangtze Valley areas and Shanghai after the mid-nineteenth-century rebellions were suppressed.26 Migrations within highland andRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesBommer, Cleveland State University Bryan Bonner, University of Utah Jessica Bradley, Clemson University Dr. Jerry Bream, Empire State College/ Niagara Frontier Center Jim Breaugh, University of Missouri Peggy Brewer, Eastern Kentucky University Deborah Brown, North Carolina State University Reginald Bruce, University of Louisville Jeff Bruns, Bacone College Pamela Buckle, Adelphi University Patricia Buhler, Goldey-Beacom College Allen Bures, Radford University Edith Busija, University of Richmond HollyRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesthat the (marketing) concept is deeply, perhaps irredeemably, flawed, that its seemingly solid theoretical foundations are by no means secure and that the specialism is teetering on the brink of serious intellectual crisis’ (Brown, 1995 , p. 42). In developing this argument, Brown makes reference to a variety of commentators: âž ¡ Piercy (1991, p. 15), for example, maintains that the traditional marketing concept ‘assumes and relies on the existence of a world which is alien and unrecognizable to many ofRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagespicks out another: â€Å"Doris Angelroth—she’s very sophisticated, a monocle maybe, drinking tea on an overstuffed mohair couch.† It is a world remote from the one Ms. Wiles inhabits. Like most EBS employees, she must juggle her low-paying job with child care. On this Friday, for instance, Ms. Wiles will ï ¬ nish her eight-hour shift at about 4 P.M., go home for a few hours, then return for a second shift from midnight to 8 A.M. Otherwise, she would have to come in on Saturday to ï ¬ nish the week’s work

Religious Experiences are all Illusions - 3185 Words

‘Religious experiences are all illusions.’ Discuss. Most arguments for the existence of God are ‘a posteriori’, seeking to move from experiences within the world to the existence of God rather than relying on the definition of God to prove his existence. Religious experience is an interaction with God or a feeling of connection with a higher power. It is interesting to note that William James never spoke of ‘God’ but of the ‘spiritual’, ‘unseen order’ or ‘higher’ aspects of the world. Does a person have to be sure they encountered God rather than connecting with a higher power for their experience to be classed as ’religious experience’? The basic problem when trying to verify religious experiences is providing proof to show others that†¦show more content†¦We must appreciate that if God is beyond the limited physical world of objects that are known through the senses then he cannot be experienced. Otto believed that religion must be derived from a separate being from this world. He believed religious experience was a personal experience of the numinous that brought feelings of awe-inspiring holiness. Otto thought that the numinous couldn’t be successfully described using everyday human language as the experience is beyond ordinary experiences perceived by our senses. Words that are used tend to get close to experience but cannot pin it down. Otto called the words used to describe the experience its schema, but believed this schema was only an attempt to find words that could begin to describe the experience although the idea is inexpressible. Otto was developing the ideas of Schleiermacher who believed the essence of religion was based in personal experience. He thought that religious experience is ‘self-authenticating’ and requires no other testing to see if it is genuine. He believed experiences should have priority and statements of bel ief should be formatted to fit them. Also, James considered that religious experiences lie at the heart of all religion. 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Child Abuse Proper Management Systems

Question: Discuss about theChild Abusefor Proper Management Systems. Answer: Introduction Thesis: Overcoming issues in child abuse and introducing proper management systems for reporting and handling child abuse is extremely important for decreasing the rate of child abuse in Singapore. Child abuse is a growing concern in the nation of Singapore. Government had been trying to monitor different cases and is trying their best to implement different initiatives that will help such cases to be erased from the grass root level itself. The government had tried to implement different deterrent methods to make the population aware of the punishments and the consequences that they may face if they conduct such heinous crime. However decrease in the rate of such crime is not reported and in turn it is yet rising in different part of Singapore (Li et al., 2014). A number of socio economic issues have been identified that have acted as the main reason for the increasing number of child abuse in Singapore. The first number is the lack of education in a number of families where children are forced to work for their parents. Moreover the lack of education in the families gives them no idea about the way how a child should be treated. They often provide harsh punishments for their kid to learn something which in turn has negative consequences (Deblinger et al. 2015). Often many cultures also support physical abuse in terms of making their child good for future. Through various case studies that had been reported, it is seen that mental distortion and harshness of the parents were the main contributor to the ill health of the disease. Frustration form the poor economic background and also lack of proper knowledge to treat toddlers are the main reasons (Abuse Matter, 2013). Sexual abuse of the children is also reported in high end cases and the in vestigators are still trying to reach the root of mental parity of the perpetrators in such cases. Government has implemented a law called the Children and Young Persons Act which was amended in the year 2011 that had instructed the homes of every child to be licensed, enhancing the protection and also welfare of children in residential care, initiatives of reviews for such children to be conducted and also to be visited by officials to monitor them. However all such initiatives failed miserably as the reporting if each of the cases has been too few because neighbors often hesitate to report them or are forbidden to do that and even threatened. Moreover reports suggest that the professionals who visit the places of children are not totally trained and expert enough to identify the children undergoing abuse (Ngiam Tung, 2016). Many teachers who are involved in counseling sessions of the school have also reported that the children are threatened by their perpetrators to keep silent to outsiders or they would be beaten more. This entire issues sum up to lesser reporting of cases or even if reported the cases are not properly handled even if government and home ministry are trying their best. In order to reduce the number of occurrences, a clear policy on child abuse have to be published by the government that will help each and every people to understand their duties towards an abused child. This policy will help the individuals to take steps sequentially when they find that any known or unknown child is getting abused. The policy should introduce help line number which will be active always so that the witnesses can help the child from the abuse. This helpline number should allow the government officials to reach the site quickly to help the child and catch the perpetrators red handed. The professional investigators who would be working for the organizations in both the private and the governmental sectors should be polished enough so that they can recognize the victim even if their perpetrators try to portray the situations otherwise (Ngiam et al., 2017). The investigations should be conducted at a frequent basis and without prior notice s that the instances of finding more child abuse case would become common. Moreover reporting of such cases should be made simpler without any hassles so that the witnesses do not hesitate to report them moreover the government should also take initiatives of programs where they would conduct workshops and play sessions to communicate with children and make them express their feelings. The policies should be instructed to be quick in their activities so that they can save the children at the right time before disaster takes place (Morris, Rivaux Faulkner, 2017). Properly planed systems should be introduced based on evidences which will be headed by experts who will publish new rules and norms after investigating the nature of the crimes that happen to each child. A nation who protects the children from crimes on them can be sure of a generation which will see success in education, science and culture. Reference: ABUSE, W. I. C., MATTER, W. D. I. (2013). Management of child abuse.Singapore Med J,54(10), 533-537. Deblinger, E., Mannarino, A. P., Cohen, J. A., Runyon, M. K., Heflin, A. H. (2015).Child sexual abuse: A primer for treating children, adolescents, and their nonoffending parents. Oxford University Press. Li, D., Chu, C. M., Ng, W. C., Leong, W. (2014). Predictors of re-entry into the child protection system in Singapore: A cumulative ecologicaltransactional risk model.Child abuse neglect,38(11), 1801-1812. Morris, M., Rivaux, S., Faulkner, M. (2017). Provider ambivalence about using forensic medical evaluation to respond to child abuse: A content and discourse analysis.Child Abuse Neglect,65, 140-151. Ngiam, X. Y., Tung, S. S. (2016). The acceptability of caning children in Singapore: the fine line between discipline and physical maltreatment.Journal of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics,37(2), 158-163. Ngiam, X. Y., Kang, Y. Q., Aishworiya, R., Kiing, J., Law, E. C. N. (2015). Child maltreatment syndrome: demographics and developmental issues of inpatient cases.Singapore medical journal,56(11), 612.